德语翻译教你英语的一般将来时,为你解答日语口译问题
一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。
例A:I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.(如明天下雨我就不来。)
例B:My brother will leave for the United States next week.
(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。)
解说 从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词"shall/will"。关于"shall/will"的用法,传统文法谈得很多,同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致。更重要的是英国人和美国人对"shall/will"的用法规则并不很一致,也不很严谨,所以本书拟只提供下面的五个规则,相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了,你的"shall/will"的用法就可以中规中矩了。
①说或写都尽量使用"I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll ..."的简缩形(如用法例2、3)。
②要表达主语的"意志",通常都用"will"(文法上称为意志将来。)
例A:I won't see him again.
(我不愿意再和他见面。)例B:Who will go and help that poor old man?
(谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?)Mary will . (玛莉愿意。)
③说话者要把自己的"意志"表达或行使出去,通常用"shall"。
例A:You shall not do that again.
(你不可以再做那样的事。)例B:He shall return that book tomorrow.
(明天他必须把那本书归还。)
④第一人称问句使用"shall"。
例A:Shall I call you a taxi ?
(需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)例B:Shall we tell her the truth ?
(我们可以把实情告诉她吗?)
⑤问句是"Shall...?",答句就用"shall ~";问句用"Will ...?",答句就用"will ~ "。
例A:Shall you go to school tomorrow ?
(你明天须要上学去吗?)Yes, I shall . We'll have an exam .
(是的,我必须去。我们明天有考试。)例B:Will you go to school with me tomorrow?
(明天你要不要和我一道去学校?)No, I won't . I'm going on a picnic.
(我不要。我已定好要去郊游。)注:Let's ..."的附加疑问通常使用"..., shall we ?"。
Let's have a rest, shall we?
(我们休息一下,怎样?)一般将来时除了使用"shall/will + V..."以外,也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达。
1.be going to + V ... (即将会......;打算将......)
例A:It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.
(带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。)例B:The Browns are going to move to Australia.
(布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。)
2.be about to + V (即将......,指紧接着要发生的动作。)例:Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive.
(我们等一下。他即将会到达。)
3.be + V-ing ...(定于......,指接近的将来动作。)例:He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。)
4.be + to V (定于......,指预定的将来动作。)例:She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.
(她定于明晨九时到达这里。)
5.V-(e)s (定于......,指接近的将来动作,但不如第3项主观。)例:He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。--与(3)项的区别在于(3)项的动作是出自主语的决定,
(5)项则不一定是出自主语的决定。)常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有:tomorrow, tomorrow morning (afternoon, evening), next + 时间 (next night, next Monday ..., next week, month..., next summer..., next year), in (the) future (将来),soon (不久之后),in +时间 (in five days--再过五天,in two weeks--再过二星期),etc.